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West Coast IPA

West Coast IPA is a bold, hop-forward beer style that epitomizes the American craft beer revolution. Born on the West Coast of the United States, this style pushes the boundaries of hop utilization, delivering an intense, aromatic experience. Known for its pronounced bitterness, crystal-clear appearance, and dry finish, West Coast IPA showcases a symphony of citrus, pine, and floral hop notes. What makes this style unique is its unapologetic embrace of hop character, balanced by a lean malt profile that allows the hops to shine in all their bitter, aromatic glory.

Info

Origin

USA (West Coast)

Color

Golden to deep amber

ABV Range

6.3 - 7.5%

IBU Range

50 - 70

Glassware

IPA glass or pint glass

Serving Temperature

45 - 50°F (7 - 10°C)

Malts

Clean, neutral base malts with minimal specialty grains to showcase hop character

Hops

Aggressive additions of American "C" hops and other high-alpha varieties for intense bitterness, flavor, and aroma

Water

Medium to high mineral content, often with elevated sulfate levels to accentuate hop bitterness

Yeast

Clean, attenuative American ale yeast strains that allow hop character to dominate
West Coast IPA in a tulip glass showcasing its crystal-clear amber color and thick head in a lush garden setting

West Coast IPA Characteristics

West Coast IPA is most celebrated for its audacious hop profile, which takes center stage in this iconic American beer style. The appearance is typically crystal clear, ranging from golden to deep amber, crowned with a sturdy, off-white head that clings to the glass, leaving intricate lacing patterns. 

The aroma and flavor of a West Coast IPA are a hop lover's paradise. Intense citrus, pine, and resinous notes dominate, often accompanied by tropical fruit, floral, or herbal undertones depending on the hop varieties used. The malt character is intentionally subdued, providing just enough backbone to support the hops without interfering. Bitterness is pronounced and lingering, a defining characteristic that sets this style apart from its more balanced counterparts. The fermentation profile is clean, allowing the complex hop bouquet to shine without interference from yeast-derived esters.

In terms of mouthfeel, West Coast IPAs typically present a medium-bodied experience with moderate to high carbonation, contributing to a crisp, refreshing texture. The finish is decidedly dry, which enhances the perception of bitterness and encourages another sip. With an ABV range of 6.3-7.5%, these beers pack a punch that complements their bold flavor profile, making them a sipper's delight rather than a session beer.

On the Standard Reference Method (SRM) scale, West Coast IPAs usually fall between 6 and 14, reflecting their golden to amber hues. When poured, a well-crafted West Coast IPA is a sight to behold: a glowing, translucent amber liquid topped with a creamy head, promising an intense sensory experience that has captivated hop enthusiasts for decades.

The Hop Frontier

West Coast IPA represents the pioneering spirit of American craft brewing. Its development marked a significant departure from traditional beer styles, challenging palates and redefining what beer could be. 


This style not only sparked the "hop wars" among brewers but also played a crucial role in educating consumers about hop varieties and their flavors, paving the way for the diverse and innovative IPA landscape we see today.

West Coast IPA being poured from a can into a tulip glass, showcasing its clarity and foamy head

West Coast IPA Food Pairings

Classic Pairings

Spicy Chicken Wings
The intense hop bitterness and citrus notes of West Coast IPA cut through the spiciness and richness of the wings, while the beer's carbonation refreshes the palate.
Sharp Cheddar Cheese
The bold flavors of aged cheddar stand up to the assertive hop profile, while the beer's bitterness contrasts nicely with the cheese's richness.

Unexpected Pairings

Grilled Pineapple
The caramelized sweetness of grilled pineapple complements the beer's citrusy hop notes, while the fruit's acidity balances the brew's bitterness.
Carrot Cake
The cake's sweetness and spices create an intriguing contrast with the beer's hop bitterness, while the cream cheese frosting finds harmony with the citrus notes.

Vegetarian Option

Grilled Portobello Mushroom Burger
The umami-rich mushroom stands up to the beer's intense flavors, while the char from grilling complements the piney hop notes.
West Coast IPA surrounded by key ingredients including whole cone hops and pale malt
West Coast IPA paired with spicy chicken wings in a casual brewpub atmosphere

Examples

Ballast Point Sculpin IPA - American IPA by Ballast Point Brewing Company

Sculpin IPA,
Ballast Point Brewing

California, USA
A flagship example of the style, known for its bright citrus flavors, particularly grapefruit, followed by a powerful, bitter hop bite.
Stone IPA - West Coast IPA by Stone Brewing

Stone IPA,
Stone Brewing

California, USA
Launched in 1997, this classic West Coast IPA offers a robust mix of pine and citrus flavors.
Fat Head's Head Hunter IPA - West Coast IPA by Fat Head's Brewery

Head Hunter IPA,
Fat Head's Brewery

Ohio, USA
Though not from the West Coast, this IPA is hailed as one of the best in the style.
Firestone Walker Union Jack IPA - West Coast IPA by Firestone Walker Brewing Company

Union Jack IPA,
Firestone Walker Brewing

California, USA
A modern classic that blends citrus and pine notes with a sturdy malt backbone.
Riip Beer Co. Dankster Squad - West Coast IPA by Riip Beer Co.

Dankster Squad,
Riip Beer Co.

California, USA
Crowned Grand Champion at the 2024 Best of the West Coast IPA competition.

Brewing Process

Brewing a West Coast IPA is a hop-centric process that requires careful attention to hop additions and fermentation control. The challenge lies in achieving a high level of bitterness while maintaining balance and showcasing complex hop flavors and aromas.

This style often employs techniques like hop bursting and dry hopping to maximize hop character. The use of highly attenuative yeast and careful water chemistry adjustments are crucial in creating the style's characteristic dry finish and clean hop expression.

Brewing West Coast IPA involves several key steps:

Mashing

01
Single infusion mash at 148-152°F (64-67°C) to create a highly fermentable wort. Lower mash temperatures are often used to ensure a dry finish.
Craft beer mashing process - grain steeping in a mash tun

Boiling and Hopping

02
Extensive hop additions throughout the boil, with a significant portion added late for flavor and aroma. Many brewers use hop bursting techniques, adding large quantities of hops in the last 20 minutes of the boil.
Craft beer boiling and hopping - adding hops to the boil kettle

Fermentation

03
Fermented at 66-70°F (19-21°C) with a clean, highly attenuative American ale yeast. Fermentation typically lasts 7-10 days, followed by dry hopping.
Craft beer fermentation - active fermentation in conical fermenter

Conditioning

04
After primary fermentation, the beer is often dry hopped for 3-7 days. Cold conditioning follows to improve clarity and allow flavors to meld.
Craft beer conditioning - temperature-controlled tanks in microbrewery

History of West Coast IPA

The West Coast IPA emerged in the 1980s and early 1990s as a bold reinvention of the traditional English IPA. Born in the hop-growing regions of the American West Coast, particularly California, Oregon, and Washington, this style was a direct result of American craft brewers experimenting with locally grown, high-alpha acid hop varieties.

The style gained rapid popularity among craft beer enthusiasts, becoming synonymous with the American craft beer revolution. Its intense bitterness and hop-forward profile challenged conventional beer flavors, pushing the boundaries of what beer could be. West Coast IPA became a flagship style for many influential craft breweries, driving innovation in hop cultivation and brewing techniques.

As the style evolved, it influenced the broader beer industry, leading to the development of new hop varieties and spawning numerous IPA sub-styles. The West Coast IPA's emphasis on showcasing hop character has had a lasting impact on brewing trends, consumer preferences, and even agricultural practices in hop growing regions.

Worthingtons Brewery, Burton on Trent. Credit Alamy

Key moments in West Coast IPA history:

1
1975

Anchor Liberty Ale Released

While not strictly a West Coast IPA, this hop-forward ale set the stage for American interpretations of IPA.

2
1980

New Hop Varieties Developed

The development of Cascade and other American hop varieties provided the foundation for the West Coast IPA's unique flavor profile.

3
1994

Blind Pig Inaugural Ale Released

Vinnie Cilurzo's groundbreaking IPA at Blind Pig Brewing Company is often cited as one of the first true West Coast IPAs.

4
2000

Pliny the Elder Debuts

Russian River's Pliny the Elder is released, becoming an iconic example of the West Coast IPA style.

5
2010s

Global Influence

West Coast IPA style influences brewers worldwide, leading to international interpretations and driving global hop demand.

Answers at your fingertips

Frequently Asked Questions

Get quick answers to our most frequently asked questions about West Coast IPA

Interested in other styles?

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West Coast IPAs are characterized by their intense bitterness, dry finish, and prominent citrus and pine hop flavors, with a lean malt profile.

While typically stronger than standard pale ales, they usually range from 6.3-7.5% ABV, lower than many Double/Imperial IPAs.

Serve in an IPA glass or pint glass at 45-50°F (7-10°C) to best appreciate the hop aromas and flavors.

These IPAs are best consumed fresh to enjoy their vibrant hop character, which fades over time.

Spicy foods, sharp cheeses, and grilled meats complement the beer's intense flavors and bitterness.

Higher sulfate levels in brewing water can accentuate hop bitterness and dryness, key characteristics of the style.

Typically, yes. Unlike hazy New England IPAs, West Coast IPAs are usually brilliantly clear.

From brew day to packaging, it usually takes 2-3 weeks, including time for dry hopping and cold conditioning.

West Coast IPAs are typically more bitter and drier, while East Coast versions tend to be more balanced with a stronger malt presence.

Yes, but it requires careful attention to hop additions and water chemistry to achieve the style's characteristic bitterness and flavor profile.

Interested in other styles?

Want to read about other beer styles? We've got you covered!