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American IPA

American IPA, the hop-forward darling of the craft beer world, is a bold and unapologetically bitter brew that's captivated beer lovers worldwide. This iconic style showcases intense hop flavors and aromas, ranging from citrusy and piney to tropical and floral. Born from the American craft beer revolution, IPAs have become synonymous with innovation and pushing flavor boundaries. Did you know? The acronym "IPA" is searched online more than any other beer style, reflecting its immense popularity and cultural impact.

Info

Origin

United States

Color

Golden to amber

ABV Range

6.3 - 7.5%

IBU Range

50 - 70

Glassware

IPA glass or pint glass

Serving Temperature

45 - 50°F (7 - 10°C)

Malts

Base of pale malt with small additions of crystal or specialty malts for color and complexity

Hops

Generous use of American hop varieties, often featuring Cascade, Centennial, Citra, and Simcoe

Water

Medium to high mineral content, often with elevated sulfate levels to accentuate hop bitterness

Yeast

Clean fermenting American ale yeast strains that allow hop character to shine
American IPA in a pint glass showcasing its golden-amber color and creamy head on a rustic wooden bar

American IPA Characteristics

American IPA is celebrated for its bold hop character and assertive bitterness, a true showcase of the brewer's art in balancing intensity with drinkability. Its appearance ranges from golden to deep amber, crowned with a frothy, off-white head that often leaves lacing on the glass. As renowned beer writer Michael Jackson once said, "The American IPA is like a symphony of hops, with each sip revealing new notes and complexities."

The aroma and flavor profile of an American IPA is a hop lover's dream. Intense hop notes dominate, offering a bouquet of citrus, pine, tropical fruit, and floral characteristics. These flavors are underpinned by a solid malt backbone, providing just enough sweetness to balance the hop bitterness. The interplay between hop and malt creates a complex taste experience, with the bitterness ranging from assertive to aggressive, yet rarely harsh. A clean fermentation profile ensures that the hop character remains the star of the show.

In terms of mouthfeel, American IPAs typically present a medium body with moderate to high carbonation, creating a crisp and refreshing texture. The alcohol content, usually ranging from 6.3% to 7.5% ABV, contributes to a warming sensation and adds depth to the overall flavor profile. This combination of body, carbonation, and alcohol content makes American IPAs both satisfying and dangerously drinkable.

On the Standard Reference Method (SRM) scale, American IPAs generally fall between 6 and 14, reflecting their golden to amber hues. When poured, an American IPA is a sight to behold: a gleaming, hop-hazed amber liquid topped with a creamy head, inviting the drinker to explore its depths of flavor and aroma.

The Hop Revolution

The rise of American IPA has fundamentally changed the beer landscape, inspiring countless variations and spin-offs. From West Coast to New England styles, brewers continue to experiment with hop varieties and brewing techniques, ensuring that the world of IPA remains ever-evolving and exciting.

Bartender pouring a golden-amber American IPA from tap into a tilted pint glass in a bustling craft beer bar

American IPA Food Pairings

Classic Pairings

Spicy Indian curry
The robust hop bitterness and high alcohol content of American IPAs cut through the heat and richness of spicy curries, while the beer's citrusy notes complement the complex spices.
Grilled Steak
The caramelized flavors from grilling pair wonderfully with the caramel malt notes in the IPA, while the beer's bitterness helps cleanse the palate between bites.

Unexpected Pairings

Carrot cake
The sweet, spicy notes of carrot cake find an interesting counterpoint in the hoppy bitterness of an IPA, while the beer's citrus flavors complement the cake's cream cheese frosting.
Aged Cheddar
The sharp, tangy flavors of aged cheddar stand up well to the bold hop profile of an IPA, creating a harmonious blend of contrasting yet complementary tastes.

Vegetarian Option

Grilled Portobello Mushroom Burger
The earthy, meaty texture of grilled portobello mushrooms pairs beautifully with the piney, resinous notes often found in American IPAs, while the beer's bitterness cuts through any added rich toppings.
American IPA surrounded by key ingredients including whole cone hops, pale malt grains, and citrus fruits
American IPA paired with a gourmet cheeseburger in a sun-dappled beer garden

Examples

Sierra Nevada Torpedo Extra IPA - American IPA by Sierra Nevada Brewing Co.

Torpedo Extra IPA,
Sierra Nevada Brewing Co.

California, USA
A benchmark American IPA that showcases a perfect balance of pine and citrus hop flavors with a solid malt backbone.
Lagunitas IPA - American India Pale Ale by Lagunitas Brewing Company

Lagunitas IPA,
Lagunitas Brewing Company

California, USA
A widely available and highly respected IPA known for its bold hop character and notes of caramel malt.
Founders Centennial IPA - American IPA by Founders Brewing Co.

Centennial IPA,
Founders Brewing Co.

Michigan, USA
A well-balanced IPA that highlights the floral and citrus notes of Centennial hops, with a crisp, dry finish.
Dogfish Head 60 Minute IPA - American IPA by Dogfish Head Craft Brewery

60 Minute IPA,
Dogfish Head Craft Brewery

California, USA
A continuously hopped IPA that offers a complex blend of citrusy hop flavors and a strong malt presence.
Ballast Point Sculpin IPA - American IPA by Ballast Point Brewing Company

Sculpin IPA,
Ballast Point Brewing Company

California, USA
A highly acclaimed IPA featuring bright flavors of apricot, peach, mango, and lemon, balanced by a subtle malt sweetness.

Brewing Process

Brewing American IPA is a delicate balance of art and science, requiring precise hop additions and careful temperature control to achieve the style's signature bold flavors and aromas. The key challenge lies in extracting maximum hop character while managing bitterness levels.

This process often involves multiple hop additions and techniques like dry hopping, which contribute to the beer's complex hop profile without adding excessive bitterness.

Brewing American IPA involves several key steps:

Mashing

01
Single infusion mash at 148-152°F (64-67°C) to create a fermentable wort that will result in a dry finish, allowing hop flavors to shine.
Craft beer mashing process - grain steeping in a mash tun

Boiling and Hopping

02
60-90 minute boil with multiple hop additions. Bittering hops added early, flavor hops at 15-30 minutes, and aroma hops in the last 5 minutes or at flame-out. Dry hopping is often employed post-fermentation for enhanced aroma.
Craft beer boiling and hopping - adding hops to the boil kettle

Fermentation

03
Fermented at 65-70°F (18-21°C) with a clean American ale yeast strain for 7-14 days. Some brewers may raise the temperature towards the end to ensure complete fermentation.
Craft beer fermentation - active fermentation in conical fermenter

Conditioning

04
Cold conditioning for 1-2 weeks to improve clarity and allow flavors to meld. Many brewers minimize oxygen exposure during this phase to preserve hop aromatics.
Craft beer conditioning - temperature-controlled tanks in microbrewery

History of American IPA

The American IPA emerged in the late 20th century as a distinctly American reinterpretation of the traditional English India Pale Ale. Its roots can be traced to the American craft beer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s, when pioneering brewers began experimenting with locally grown hop varieties, particularly those from the Pacific Northwest.

The style gained rapid popularity throughout the 1990s, becoming a flagship of the American craft beer movement. Its success was driven by beer enthusiasts' growing appreciation for bold, hop-forward flavors that showcased the unique characteristics of American hop varieties like Cascade, Centennial, and Chinook. The American IPA's rise to prominence has had a profound impact on the global brewing industry, inspiring new hop cultivation practices and influencing beer styles worldwide.

The American IPA continues to evolve, with brewers constantly experimenting with new hop varieties and brewing techniques. Its influence extends beyond just one beer style, inspiring a whole family of hop-forward ales and shaping the direction of the craft beer industry as a whole.

A label of Bert Grant's IPA

Key moments in American IPA history:

1
1975

Cascade Hops Commercially Released

The release of Cascade hops, with their distinctive citrus and floral characteristics, would become a defining feature of American IPAs.

2
1981

Bert Grant's IPA Debuts

Often credited as the first modern American IPA, this beer from Yakima Brewing and Malting Co. showcased the potential of American hops in the style.

3
1990

Harpoon IPA Introduced

One of the first East Coast interpretations of the style, helping to spread the popularity of American IPA beyond the West Coast.

4
1993

Stone IPA Launched

This iconic West Coast IPA helped define the style's characteristic intense hop bitterness and aroma.

5
2000s

American IPA Becomes Most Entered Category at GABF

The style's dominance at the Great American Beer Festival reflected its immense popularity and influence on American craft brewing.

Answers at your fingertips

Frequently Asked Questions

Get quick answers to our most frequently asked questions about New England IPA (NEIPA)

Interested in other styles?

Want to read about other beer styles? We've got you covered!

IPA stands for India Pale Ale, though the American version is a distinct style from its historical English counterpart.

American IPAs typically feature bold American hop varieties, higher bitterness, and a cleaner fermentation profile compared to English IPAs.

While bitterness is a key characteristic, modern brewing techniques can balance this with hop flavor and aroma, resulting in IPAs with varying levels of perceived bitterness.

American IPAs are best served at 45-50°F (7-10°C) to showcase both hop aromas and flavors.

For optimal flavor, most American IPAs should be consumed within 3-4 months of packaging, as hop aromas and flavors can degrade over time.

Unlike some beer styles, American IPAs are not typically aged. They're best enjoyed fresh to appreciate their hop characteristics.

Spicy foods, grilled meats, and strong cheeses pair well with American IPAs, as the beer's bitterness and hop flavors complement these bold tastes.

American IPAs typically range from 6.3% to 7.5% ABV, making them stronger than average but not as potent as Imperial or Double IPAs.

The popularity of American IPA has led to the creation of numerous hop-forward styles and variants, influencing everything from pale ales to lagers.

Interested in other styles?

Want to read about other beer styles? We've got you covered!